Washington State Now Using Inmates to Pick Apples

Washington apple growers have been unable to find enough migrant workers to pick their crops inspite of a wide-spread campagn to recruit pickers.  This is a side effect of the anti-immigration movement nation wide since nearly 400,000 undocumented workers are being deported annually.

Photo:  The Wenatchee World

State apple growers sounded an alarm in recent weeks of a severe shortage of pickers. Signs were put up at orchards. Ads were taken out on radio. Newspapers and TV stations reported the story of the shortage after Gov. Chris Gregoire put out a call for help. Many unemployed workers did apply for jobs, but few stayed.

"It's hard work," she said. There are seven guards to make sure the inmate workers stay on the job until it's done, but it's an expensive proposition for the grower, Wilis admits. McDougall will pay $22 an hour for each inmate. Inmates are paid minimum wage, but deductions for crime compensation, incarceration costs, child support and other bills reduces that to between $1 and $2 an hour. Most of what growers are charged pays for transportation, housing and security. Most inmates picked three or four 800-pound bins of apples in that first day.

So again, we find evidence that undocumented immigrants are not taking jobs away from "normal citizens".  American citizens just don't want to do this kind of work, even if they are out of a job.  And with 9 percent of us officially unemployed, that's a lot of people unwilling to take such a job.

Read more:  http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2016670717_apwainmateapplepickers1stldwritethru.html

What Does Assimilation Look Like - In Iowa

                                                                     Photo:     wiki.triastelematica.org

For a look at assimilation of immigrants in the US, we need go no further than the heartland - small town rural Iowa where the first bilingual classes in the state began, where initial fears gave way to acceptance, where businesses are now thriving rather than folding.

Downtown West Liberty, Iowa, is quintessentially Midwestern American, both quaint and historic, with brick buildings lining brick streets. A typical stroll involves walking past the bank, a renovated theater, a hair salon, restaurants and stores.

West Liberty Mayor Chad Thomas says that unlike a lot of other small Midwestern towns that are dying, West Liberty is alive.

"I see a lot of businesses that are open, and not vacant storefronts," Thomas says. "Probably half of the businesses are Hispanic-owned."

Next to Paul Revere's Pizza on 3rd Street is Tienda La Luna, and next to the American Legion Hall is the popular Acapulco Mexican Bakery.

Now at 3,700 people and counting, the eastern Iowa town is growing and thriving, Thomas says.

"If you didn't have the Hispanic population here in town, yeah, we would be much more like a lot of smaller towns, and there would be a lot more storefronts that are empty," he says.

And unlike other parts of the Midwest that are attracting Latino immigrants, the Hispanic population in West Liberty is not new.

"I mean, we're very unique in that there's folks in this community, in the Hispanic community, that are here in their fifth and sixth generation," Thomas says.

In the 2000 census, West Liberty was already well over 40 percent Latino, and has been steadily growing for decades.

The first big surge in Latino immigrants arrived in the 1930s for jobs in what was then a Louis Rich turkey processing plant.

That plant, now called West Liberty Foods, is still a draw for some newcomers. But most of the recent increase in the Hispanic population comes from growing, established families who came for the Louis Rich jobs, stayed and planted roots in this quiet, safe and friendly small town.

HARD WORK

Jose Zacarias is among them. The 56-year-old moved to West Liberty from Mexico in 1984, working first in the turkey processing plant, a job he said was dirty, grueling and dangerous. By learning English, he was able to get better factory jobs. They were farther away, but Zacarias continued living in West Liberty.

He bought a big old farmhouse on the outskirts of West Liberty 20 years ago and raised three boys there. He called it and the two acres around him "a quiet piece of heaven" — until the new high school was built nearby a few years ago.

INITIAL FEARS

He considers many Anglos among his closest friends, and says the white and Hispanic communities in West Liberty get along well. But he says it wasn't always this way.

"When I arrived here in '84, they told me that such and such businessman wouldn't allow it, like for instance, the bar owners, wouldn't allow Mexican customers there, or they despise them openly, or things like that," Zacarias says.

But Zacarias and others in West Liberty say such conflicts gradually faded away, especially as Hispanics became more economically integrated into the community, and as the schools better integrated the community's children.

School with a WAITING LIST

The West Liberty school system has what was the first dual-language program in the state.

Students take all of their classes in both Spanish and English, switching from an English-language teacher in the morning to a Spanish-language teacher in the afternoon.

West Liberty Elementary School principal Nancy Gardner says the program is voluntary, with half of the spots reserved for kids who speak English primarily at home, and half for those who speak Spanish.

INTEGRATION

"And in the end, all the students then become bilingual, biliterate and bicultural," Gardner says.

The dual language program is now in its 14th year, and last spring graduated its first high school senior class of students who started as kindergartners.

The program is so successful, several Anglo families have moved to West Liberty from nearby Iowa City, Muscatine and other towns specifically to enroll their kids. The program, which now has a waiting list, is being duplicated in a handful of other Iowa school districts with growing Hispanic populations.

Read more from this source:  http://www.iowaimmigrationeducation.org/index.cfm?nodeID=19036&audienceID=1&action=display&newsID=15065

Immigration Experiment Under the Microscope: Very Costly, Unintended Consequences

Another community reports that its effort to rid itself of immigrants, ends up costing dearly.  For some the goal is to GET RID OF both legal and undocumented immigrants.  (It's pretty easy to call this Racism.)  For others it is an unintended consequence.  Either way, the community pays, both financially and through lost enrichment of life.

“The Hispanic businesses and malls are empty. You used to see 100 people at the shopping center, and after the resolution, you'd see five. You noticed the difference."

This quote describes the fallout from Prince William County’s polarizing local immigration law which was passed in 2007 and modified in 2008. A three-year, $385,000 University of Virginia study of the policy released this week found that it drove out a significant number of immigrants—both legal and undocumented.
Under the original policy, local police were directed to check the immigration status of any individual they had probable cause to believe was in the country without authorization. After much controversy, Prince William limited the measure in 2008 to require police officers to check the immigration status of all arrestees.
Clearly, Prince William’s immigration actions cost the county the contributions of thousands of immigrant taxpayers, workers and consumers. From 2006 to 2008, Prince William’s non-citizen Hispanic population dropped by 22 percent, or by 7,700 people. During the same period, the undocumented population decreased by an estimated 3,000 to 6,000 people.
Immigration hawks are quick to separate legal from undocumented immigrants; we’re told harsh laws aren’t anti-immigrant because they only target undocumented immigrants. The UVA study shows us that this is a naïve assumption. Too often, restrictive immigration enforcement and the corresponding policy debates also impact legal immigrants and the broader Hispanic community.

Whether UVA’s findings are indicators of the policy’s success or troubling evidence of collateral damage depends on who you ask. For county supervisors, driving out legal immigrants and Hispanics was never a goal of the measure, but an “unintended consequence.” For others, this was a victory. From the report:

Some actors in the drama of the resolution’s passage had quite different goals. Some in the community who advocated the policy made clear…that they were hoping to “take back the County” by reversing the tide of rapid in-migration of Hispanics to Prince William County.

Immigration restrictionists also counted this as a win for “attrition through enforcement,” a strategy that calls for crafting harsh laws to make life so untenable for undocumented immigrants they choose to leave—an approach best described as “a product of delusion and cruelty.”

Should other localities follow Prince William’s approach to immigration enforcement? The authors conclude that their results should be only applied to other jurisdictions with “great caution.” ..... Moreover, these less-than-stellar results cost Prince William almost $3 million to implement. One author of the study advises would-be copycats: “This not a free policy…Don’t try this if you don’t want to spend some money.”

See more of this article:  http://www.dmiblog.com/archives/2010/11/under_the_microscope_one_count.html

Arizona Anti-immigrant Law Backfires. Mexicans Welcome Back

Arizona's anti-immigration law is causing tremendous economic hardships on Arizona's businesses and citizens.  In a radical change of heart, many are calling for a new worker visa program in order to bring mexican workers back to Arizona.

History of Immigration in U.S.

The history of immigration in the U.S. centers in Ellis Island, though some entered through the West coast as well as our northern and southern borders.  The following documentary reminds us of our common condition.

Thousands of Mexican Professionals emigrating to USA

With salaries ten times larger for some professionals in the US, violence and insecurity at home, thousands have been leaving home in another version of the "Brain-Drain" phenom.  The majority head north.  This trend contradicts the recent drop-off in Mexican immigration statistics.

By

Alberto Nájar

BBC Mundo

La emigración de México a Estados Unidos ha disminuido, según datos oficiales de ambos países. Pero existe un grupo de mexicanos que parece caminar en sentido contrario a la tendencia.

Cada año miles de profesionales abandonan el país en busca de mejores oportunidades o para huir de la inseguridad, reconocen especialistas y autoridades.

Contenido relacionado

• El "sueño americano" atrae a menos mexicanos
• México pierde a sus científicos

Estados Unidos es el destino de la mayoría. La Secretaría de Educación Pública informó que en la última década se duplicó el número de mexicanos con licenciatura y posgrado que emigraron al país.
En 2000 había 411.000 de estos profesionales, y para 2010 el número aumentó a más de un millón. Uno de cada cinco mexicanos con doctorado vive en Estados Unidos.
El fenómeno alarma a las autoridades, que han implementado varios programas para retener y repatriar a los migrantes altamente capacitados, pero hasta ahora el proceso migratorio no se ha detenido, le dice a BBC Mundo Camila Tigau, especialista del Centro de Investigaciones Sobre América del Norte (CISAN).
"Hubo la perspectiva optimista de que con la crisis de 2008, como iba a haber menos empleo en Estados Unidos y Canadá se resolvería el problema de la fuga de cerebros en México, pero eso no ha pasado", explica.
"Ha habido factores más importantes que llevan a la gente fuera, entonces en vez de que tengamos un retorno importante lo que hay es una salida importante de gente".

Sueldos

Un recién graduado puede ganar casi diez veces más en Estados Unidos que en México.

La diferencia salarial parece ser uno de los principales estímulos para la migración de profesionales.
De acuerdo con la Oficina de Estadísticas Laborales de Estados Unidos un ingeniero civil recién graduado obtiene un ingreso mensual de US$4.500.
En México, en cambio, el sueldo de un profesional de este nivel es de unos US$590 cada mes, según la Secretaría del Trabajo.
Tal vez por eso aumentó la migración de ingenieros, sobre todo de los especializados en mecánica.
Recientemente la Asociación Mexicana de la Industria Automotriz dijo que la demanda de estos profesionales en el mercado estadounidense está al alza, pues muchos ingenieros de ese país se jubilarán en los próximos años.
Así, la semana pasada la Asociación de Ingenieros Universitarios Mecánicos Electricistas (AIUME), dijo que unos 40.000 ingenieros mexicanos emigran cada año a Estados Unidos en busca de mejores empleos.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/08/110810_migracion_profesionistas_mexico_an.shtml

Telling the New American Dreamers - "Go Elsewhere !"

By JENNIFER EPSTEIN | 6/15/11 8:02 AM EDT Updated: 6/15/11 4:18 PM EDT

In a major speech to the Council on Foreign Relations on Wednesday, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg says the United States risks “national suicide” if it doesn’t adopt a more welcoming immigration policy.

“We will not remain a global superpower if we continue to close our doors to people who want to come here to work hard, start businesses, and pursue the American dream,” Bloomberg said.

 "The American dream cannot survive if we keep telling the dreamers to go elsewhere,” the mayor adds. “It’s what I call national suicide – and that’s not hyperbole.”

Immigration reform, he argues, is the key to creating new jobs and setting the economy on a steady path into the future.
Bloomberg’s speech comes as the Partnership for a New American Economy, of which he is a co-chair, releases a report looking at the role that immigrants play at Fortune 500 companies and the potential. Forty percent of Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants or the children of immigrants, the report notes.

Read more: http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/57013.html#ixzz1UVNClVIv

Do Latinos still support Obama and his immigration efforts?

Latinos supported Obama in 2008 by 60% after an inspiring speech that sounded like music to them.

But the magic of the moment fizzled soon after President Obama was elected. The party favors, orchestra, and minstrels soon disappeared and the defiant and catchy melody turned grave and bewildered.

While there were a few well-meaning efforts to address immigration reform in the House and Senate under Democratic leadership, no progress was made. Outside Washington, DC, between President Obama's first day in office and the end of June 2011, one million immigrants and families have been detained, deported, or fired from their place of work. In addition, the well-oiled enforcement machine led by ICE in collaboration with local police departments under the rubric of the wrongly-named "Secure Communities," I-9 audits, and 287(g) agreements, just to name a few, is running full speed ahead.
Understandably, when the president argued once again at this year's NCLR conference that he is unable to do much on his own unless Republicans acquiesce and change our broken immigration laws, the chorus of "yes, you can" politely and in crescendo interrupted him.
During his speech, President Obama went to great pains to remind listeners that his administration is "keeping our promises." The audience must have nodded that when it came to the economy, gay and lesbian rights, and women's issues, the president has indeed delivered. But when President Obama pivoted to immigration reform, he blamed Republicans for the impasse, chided those who call on him to use his executive authority to alleviate the suffering of immigrant families, and committed to keep up the fight while encouraging the community to "keep the heat on me and Democrats." Lastly the Pied Piper in Chief, dressed in a most charming outfit, conceded he knows "very well the real pain and heartbreak that deportations cause" and he made an appeal we have heard once before: "Let's be honest. I need a dance partner, and the floor's empty."
It must not be an easy for President Obama to be at a party and not have a partner he can enjoy the music with. Although his political advisors are telling the president he has Latinos in the bag in 2012, the jury is by far out deliberating whether or not this president means it when he says he will fight the fight with us on the moral and practical issue of immigration reform. Does he meant it when he says we will not be stepped upon again? Thousands and thousands, millions even, of families throughout the United States are suffering on a daily basis the failure of this administration and this Congress to update our immigration laws. In the absence of real reform, immigrant communities everywhere have endured two and a half years of sustained torture led by none other than another "friend" of the community, Secretary Janet Napolitano, and face an increasing chorus of legislatures approving anti-immigrant, discriminatory, and unconstitutional laws. This song's tune is not for dancing.
Thus, the president must have surely felt the heat even while he read his speech at the NCLR conference. If he did, he kept his composure and was as eloquent and convincing as he was in 2008. But President Obama, Republicans and Democrats should recognize that we have danced together quite a lot during the past two years and a half and our feet are getting tired. Not tired enough to stop our fight for justice and changes in immigration laws so that they accurately reflect our nation's compassion, values, and interest. Not tired enough not to register millions more and switch the tune at the ballot box if this one does not suit us. Certainly we are not tired enough to remind our national elected leaders that even the most avid dancer can trip if he is not careful.

Source:  Jorge-Mario Cabrera,   The Huffington Post:  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jorgemario-cabrera/obama-immigration-policy-and-latino-vote_b_910328.html

25% of Start-up Firms: Immigrants at work

Foreigners in the US are responsible for nearly 25 percent of start-up American firms, findings of a latest research by Harvard, NYU and Duke, UC-Berkeley reveal.

No wonder, several policy makers are being asked for increasing the quota for highly skilled worker visas in the US.

As per the study, out of the total start-up companies established between the year 1995 and 2005 in Silicon Valley, nearly 52 percent were by foreigners.
And the number of patents filed by immigrants in the US for the same period is said to be 25.6 percent which is up by 337 percent since the year 1998.

Its not just in the US that the immigrant investors have been found to be making significant contribution towards start-up firms, in fact, foreigners seem to be leading in investments in several other nations too including Canada.
According to reports, a Vancouver entrepreneur group has been asking the federal government for starting ‘startup visas’ for foreign investors wanting to come and invest in Canada.
In a similar move, the US government is being asked for creation of a US startup visa and the bill is being sponsored by US Senators Richard Lugar, Republican of Indians and John Kerry, Democrat of Massachusetts.

The bill will provide any foreign entrepreneur a temporary US work visa if he obtains a minimum amount of $100,000 for investment for gaining US permanent residency.
In addition, the immigrant entrepreneur will also be responsible for creating at least five new jobs in the US in the period of two years, generate venture capital exceeding $1 million or $1 million sales each year.
Such changes in the federal policy of the US which favor potential foreign entrepreneurs would lead to growth and innovation in the US, agree several experts including a law professor at Yale University, Peter Schuck, and corporate secretary and vice president of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, John Tyler.

Several nations like Australia, Germany, the UK and some other European nations already have changed their immigration process in order to allow foreign immigrant investors and high-skilled immigrants into their nations.

Source:  http://www.canadaupdates.com/content/immigrants-behind-quarter-us-start-firms-16233.html

Education in Mexico: Changing the need to emigrate

By DAMIEN CAVE

The New York Times

AGUA NEGRA, Mexico — The extraordinary Mexican migration that delivered millions of illegal immigrants to the United States over the past 30 years has sputtered to a trickle, and research points to a surprising cause: Unheralded changes in Mexico have made staying home more attractive.
A growing body of evidence suggests a mix of developments — expanding economic and educational opportunities, border crime and shrinking families — are suppressing illegal traffic as much as economic slowdowns or immigrant crackdowns in the United States.
In the red-earth highlands of Jalisco, one of Mexico's top three states for emigration in the past century, a new dynamic has emerged. For a typical rural family like the Orozcos, heading to El Norte without papers no longer is an inevitable rite of passage. Instead, homes are filling with returning relatives; older brothers who once crossed illegally are awaiting visas; and the youngest Orozcos are staying put.
"I'm not going to go to the States because I'm more concerned with my studies," said Ángel Orozco, 18.
Indeed, at the new technological institute where he is earning a degree in industrial engineering, all the students in a recent class said they were better educated than their parents — and that they planned to stay in Mexico.
Douglas Massey, a director of the Mexican Migration Project at Princeton, an extensive, long-term survey in Mexican emigration hubs, said his research showed interest in heading to the United States for the first time had fallen to its lowest level since at least the 1950s.
"No one wants to hear it, but the [illegal] flow has already stopped," Massey said. "For the first time in 60 years, the net traffic has gone to zero and is probably a little bit negative."
The decline in illegal immigration, from a country responsible for roughly six of every 10 illegal immigrants in the United States, is stark. The Mexican census recently discovered 4 million more people in Mexico than had been projected, which officials attributed to a sharp decline in emigration.
U.S. census figures analyzed by the nonpartisan Pew Hispanic Center also show the illegal Mexican population in the United States has shrunk and that fewer than 100,000 illegal border-crossers and visa-violators from Mexico settled in the United States in 2010, down from about 525,000 a year from 2000 to 2004. Although some advocates for more limited immigration say the Pew estimates that do not include short-term migrants, most experts agree far fewer illegal immigrants have been arriving.
The question is why. Experts and U.S. politicians from both parties generally look inward, arguing about the success or failure of border enforcement and tougher laws limiting illegal immigrants' rights — such as those passed in Alabama and Arizona. Deportations have reached record highs as total border apprehensions and apprehensions of Mexicans have fallen by more than 70 percent since 2000.
But Mexican immigration always has been defined by both the push (from Mexico) and the pull (of the United States). The decision to leave home involves a comparison, a cost-benefit analysis, and just as a Mexican baby boom and economic crises kicked off emigration waves in the 1980s and '90s, research shows the easing of demographic and economic pressures is helping keep departures in check.
In simple terms, Mexican families are smaller now, shrinking the pool of likely migrants. Despite the dominance of the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico, birth-control efforts have pushed down the fertility rate to about two children per woman from 6.8 in 1970, according to government figures. So, while Mexico added about 1 million potential job seekers annually in the 1990s, that figure has fallen to an average of 800,000 since 2007, according to birth records. It is expected to drop to 300,000 by 2030.
Even in larger families such as the Orozcos' — Ángel is the ninth of 10 children — the migration calculation has changed. Crossing "mojado," wet or illegally, has become more expensive and more dangerous, particularly with drug cartels dominating the border. Educational and employment opportunities also have expanded greatly. Per capita gross domestic product and family income have each jumped more than 45 percent since 2000, according to one prominent economist, Roberto Newell. Despite depictions of Mexico as "nearly a failed state," he argued, "the conventional wisdom is wrong."
A significant expansion of legal immigration — aided by U.S. consular officials — is also under way. Congress may be debating an overhaul of immigration policy, but in Mexico, visas without a congressionally mandated cap on how many people can enter have increased from 2006 to 2010, compared with the previous five years.
State Department figures show Mexicans who have become U.S. citizens have legally brought in 64 percent more immediate relatives, 220,500 from 2006 through 2010, compared with the figures for the previous five years. Tourist visas also are being granted at higher rates of around 89 percent, up from 67 percent, while U.S. farmers have legally hired 75 percent more temporary workers since 2006.

The recession cut into immigrant earnings in the United States, according to the Pew Hispanic Center, even as wages have risen in Mexico, according to World Bank figures. Jalisco's quality of life has improved in other ways, too. About a decade ago, the cluster of the Orozco ranches on Agua Negra's outskirts received electricity and running water. New census data shows a broad expansion of such services: water and trash collection, once unheard of outside cities, are available to more than 90 percent of Jalisco's homes. Dirt floors now are found in only 3 percent of the state's houses, down from 12 percent in 1990.

Still, education represents the most meaningful change. The census shows the number of Jalisco's senior high schools or preparatory schools for students aged 15 to 18 increased to 724 in 2009, from 360 in 2000, far outpacing population growth. The Technological Institute of Arandas, where Ángel studies engineering, is one of 13 science campuses created in Jalisco since 2000 — a major reason professionals with a bachelor's degree or higher also more than doubled to 821,983 in 2010, up from 405,415 in 2000. Similar changes have occurred elsewhere, and data from secondary schools like the one the Orozcos attended in Agua Negra suggest the trend will continue.

See complete article:  Illegal entries from Mexico slow to trickle

Reduction in Immigration from Mexico - It's the economy, stupid!

According to BBC Mundo reporter Alberto Nájar, fewer undocumented Mexicans are coming to the US.  There appears to be several reasons for this phenomenon which began 3 years ago:

1. The economy in Mexico is improving slightly, providing more opportunity without emigrating.
2. The economy in the US has been in crisis, leaving less opportunity here: fewer jobs and lower wages.
3. Emigrants must run the gauntlet of narco thugs just to reach their northern border.
4. Border surveillance has increased.
5. Anti-immigrant laws have increased in many regions of the US.  The local climate is much less friendly after arrival in many states.

The result is having effects in communities in Mexico.

See the following article in BBC Mundo:

El "sueño americano" atrae a menos mexicanos

Alberto Nájar

BBC Mundo, Ciudad de México

La vigilancia en la frontera sur de Estados Unidos influye en la caída migratoria

Hace unos meses las autoridades de Michoacán, en el oeste de México, notaron un súbito aumento en los estudiantes matriculados en las escuelas. También subieron las solicitudes a sus programas sociales, y después hubo informes de que las fiestas en algunos pueblos fueron más concurridas de lo normal.

En los tres hechos hay un común denominador: bajó la migración de mexicanos hacia Estados Unidos.

De hecho, en el último censo de población el gubernamental Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Geografía (Inegi), detectó más personas de las esperadas pues muchos que pensaban emigrar decidieron quedarse.

El fenómeno empieza a cambiar la vida en muchas comunidades de México, especialmente las que dependen de remesas o tienen problemas de marginación. Michoacán, uno de los estados con mayor flujo migratorio del país, es un ejemplo.
El cambio demográfico genera aprietos económicos al gobierno local, porque no alcanza el presupuesto para atender a las familias que se quedaron sin remesas, volvieron de Estados Unidos o fueron deportados.
"Hay más demanda. Tenemos miles de personas más en el estado y todos necesitan un empleo, comer, generar recursos", le dice a BBC Mundo Zaida Mandujano, secretaria del Migrante de Michoacán.

Remesas sistémicas

"El problema ya no es sólo cruzar el desierto sino de que te asalten y te maten antes de llegar a la frontera"

Jorge Durand, especialista en migración, Universidad de Guadalajara

¿Por qué bajó la migración a Estados Unidos?
Hay varias respuestas, dice Jorge Durand, académico de la Universidad de Guadalajara y uno de los pioneros en la investigación del fenómeno en México.
La primera es la crisis económica estadounidense que afectó sobre todo a las áreas donde trabaja la mayoría de los indocumentados mexicanos, es decir, la construcción y servicios.
Otra respuesta es el clima de inseguridad en México por la guerra contra y entre carteles, que hace más peligroso el viaje.
"El problema ya no es sólo cruzar el desierto sino de que te asalten y te maten antes de llegar a la frontera", explica Durand a BBC Mundo. "El riesgo que había en años anteriores se multiplicó por diez".
Una explicación más es que quienes financiaban la migración indocumentada ya no pueden hacerlo.
En el último siglo los mexicanos establecieron una extensa red de familiares y amigos que les acogían y ayudaban a conseguir empleo, además de prestar dinero para cubrir la cuota de los "coyotes", como se llama a los traficantes de humanos.
El mecanismo, conocido como "remesa sistémica", dejó de funcionar hace tres años.
"El que está allá o no tiene trabajo, o vive una situación precaria en su empleo. La mayoría no tiene dinero para prestar a los familiares", explica Durand.

Cambios

El flujo migratorio también bajó por el clima anti inmigrante en varias regiones de Estados Unidos, sobre todo en donde los congresos locales autorizaron nuevas más leyes más restrictivas contra los indocumentados, y también porque aumentó la vigilancia en la frontera sur de ese país.
Todos estos factores hacen más cara la decisión de emigrar, pues contrario a otros años ahora la ganancia es menor. Hace una década la diferencia salarial entre México y Estados Unidos era de 8 a 1 pero se redujo a la mitad, afirma Durand. Otros expertos coinciden en que la situación socioeconómica de muchas comunidades mexicanas ha mejorado en la última década.

Zaida Mandujano, secretaria del Migrante de Michoacán, reconoce el impacto que la caída de la migración tiene en sus comunidades.

Así, muchos mexicanos piensan dos veces antes de salir del país lo cual complica la situación de las comunidades de origen, cuenta Zaida Mandujano.
En muchos municipios aún sigue la pobreza que impulsó a la migración, algo que no cambiará en el corto plazo según han reconocido las autoridades.
"En los últimos tres años ha habido cambios radicales, y los gobiernos deben adaptarse a la realidad del fenómeno", reconoce la secretaria del Migrante.

Joroba migratoria

Según Durand la caída en la migración es un fenómeno temporal, pues en la medida que mejore la economía estadounidense habrá más oportunidades de empleo para los indocumentados.
Pero es difícil volver a las cifras que hubo en la década pasada, cuando emigró un promedio de 500.000 mexicanos cada año.
Ahora el flujo anual de indocumentados es menor a 300.000 personas, según datos oficiales.
Esto no significa que el fenómeno se detenga en el corto plazo, sobre todo porque la economía mexicana no crece al ritmo necesario.
A este proceso los especialistas le llaman "joroba migratoria", es decir, durante varios años el flujo se mantiene en crecimiento, pero después empieza a bajar. Algo que ya ocurre en México, según los especialistas.

The Politics of Immigration

The Republican Party is increasingly becoming an exclusionary party of white anglos.  As the demographics of our population changes, Republicans are choosing to sideline themselves.

Mass Deportation of Immigrants: Now on Fast Track in Congress

By Lynn Tramonte

Americas Voice

Bisbee_deportation_guns.jpg‎ (682 × 419 pixels, file size: 83 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Two of the masterminds behind the GOP's mass deportation (of immigrants) strategy, Representatives Lamar Smith (R-TX), chairman of the House Judiciary Committee and Elton Gallegly (R-CA), chairman of the Immigration Subcommittee, are introducing new legislation intended to bring about their extremist fantasy: the expulsion of 11 million undocumented immigrants and their families.  That's what their whole "enforcement only" approach is all about - tighten the screws on immigrant families while blocking any hope of being able to legalize their status.
The Republicans’ dark vision for immigration “reform” isn’t playing well with Latino voters.  But in addition to alienating Latinos, Smith and Gallegly are on a path that will also hurt U.S. workers and key industries -- like agriculture -- by forcing all employers to use the flawed E-Verify system when evaluating whether an employee is legal to work.
In a recent op-ed, the duo tries to sell E-Verify as a "successful tool for employers."  With a fail rate of 50%, E-Verify is anything but successful.  We all want to crack down on unscrupulous employers who take advantage of workers, but that's not what E-Verify does. Instead, E-Verify will give bad employers even more control over desperate workers who move off the books and into the cash economy, reducing tax revenue and expanding the exploitation of workers.
The consequences of mandatory E-Verify aren’t limited to immigrant workers.  The Smith/Gallegly E-Verify plan would cause almost 800,000 Americans to lose their jobs due to errors in the government databases; force an additional 4 million legal workers into an administrative quagmire; create an undue burden on small businesses; nearly wipe out the agricultural workforce; and result in loss of tax revenue, increasing the deficit.
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) concluded that mandatory, nationwide E-Verify would cost us $17.3 billion over 10 years because it would increase the number of undocumented workers being paid outside the tax system. Just implementing the program, according to the CBO, would cost $23 billion over ten years.
Mandatory E-Verify would also have a devastating impact on industries that rely on immigrant labor, like agriculture.  By cracking down on immigrant farm workers, Smith and Gallegly’s vision would lead to the exportation of farms and jobs and the increased importation of food from foreign sources.  The loss of on-farm jobs would also have a domino effect: 3.2 million non-agriculture jobs depend on the agriculture industry.
All these problems, and the program only identifies undocumented workers 50% of the time. Despite all this, there is a real possibility that some version of E-Verify will advance, especially in the House of Representatives.
The Smith/Gallegly strategy is to ignore the faults and cost of the system, its impact on the economy, and its burden on U.S. workers—and insist that E-Verify will "free up" jobs and force undocumented immigrants to "deport themselves." The reality is that most undocumented immigrants will remain here, even more in the shadows of the underground economy, subject to exploitation and reduced labor standards that impact everyone.
What's frustrating is that there's a better solution staring Smith and Gallegly right in the face. Comprehensive immigration reform, which would combine border and workplace enforcement with a program to require undocumented immigrants to register for legal status, would raise wages and labor standards for all workers, boost tax revenues, and gut the underground economy.  This is a fiscally responsible solution—and a practical alternative to the Smith-Gallegly mass deportation fantasy.  What’s more, a majority of Americans support it.

See more this and other articles:  http://americasvoiceonline.org/page/content/e-verify/

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LEGAL Immigrants: Stop Deportation of Undocumenteds

We have often heard that Latinos in the US who are here LEGALLY, are opposed to the ILLEGAL immigrants, and that the legal ones would like to see the illegal group sent back home.  One might argue that this would take the heat off of the legals - mostly latinos in this case.

However, according to recent polls, it seems that there is a much stronger support for the newly arrived migrants than previously thought.  It appears that blood is thicker than water.... or "Dios los crea, y ellos se juntan."  When Latino voters (legal, US Citizens of latino origin) were asked what they want to see happen with undocumented immigrants:

66% would support an executive order from the president to stop the deportation of undocumented immigrants who are minors or of college age and have a clean, crime-free record. This support is consistent among Latinos of all ideologies, origins and political affiliations, including 54% of Republicans.

See more from
Pilar Marrero, impreMedia, Pilar.marrero@laopinion.com

http://latinodecisions.wordpress.com/2011/06/10/june-tracking-poll-immigration-is-a-critical-issue-for-voters/

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Immigration Fraud: businesses taking advantage of immigrants

According to Alicia Acuña of Fox News/Latino, the U.S. Department of Justice, along with the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Trade Commission announced this week a major crackdown on businesses that take advantage of immigrants to the United States.  Specifically, individuals who run sham operations claiming to be immigrant consultants or attorneys, who provide expertise and services to those applying for residency, work visas and citizenship.

"We have been working together to take a stand," said Tony West, Assistant Attorney General at a press conference, "against those who prey upon immigrant communities by making promises they do not keep and charging for services they are not qualified to provide."

Read more: http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2011/06/10/nationwide-crackdown-on-immigration-notarios/#ixzz1P8BfemP3

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Maria Gonzales: illegal alien. What will you do with her?

Raul’s family has lived in Texas for 4 generations.  He is a US Citizen.  Six years ago he married Maria, whose parents brought her to the US illegally when she was a teenager.  Raul and Maria now have two boys and are expecting another in three months.  Raul works hard and pays all this taxes and mortgage on their home.  Maria confides in you that she is an illegal alien and that her boss is paying her under the table so she can save on her payroll expenses.

You have a choice.  What will you do?

1.       Report Maria and her boss to the authorities, so Maria will be deported.

2.       Keep quiet, do nothing and allow Maria to continue supporting her family even though she arrived here illegally and her boss illegally hired her.

3.       Try to find a way for Maria to become legalized and for her boss to pay all her taxes.

Farmers: E-Verify a disaster for Americans

It sounds like the E-verify program, by itself, would cause a sudden and disastrous change in our way of doing things in America. 

Photo:  tribwekchron.com

If 80% of our farm workers are illegal immigrants, and if we suddenly enforce the laws which keep the farmers from hiring them, what happens to the food?  What happens to the farmers?  What happens to the illegals?  What happens to us when we want to buy groceries or eat a meal?

Will farmers just lose their farms?  Will the banks that have loaned money to the farmers foreclose on the farms?  Do the banks want the farmland?  What will it cost Americans to buy all our food imported from Mexico?  Will the farmers go on welfare? -- they may not be trained in office jobs and most of our factory jobs have already been sent abroad.

Most farmers will tell you that in their efforts to hire workers, they can't find enough legal workers to harvest their crops - or should we say "OUR" crops, since we are the consumers of those crops?

Alicia A. Caldwell from the Associated Press highlights the dilemna we face in answering these questions:

The agriculture industry fears a disaster on the horizon if the bit of new immigration policy that Congress seems to agree on becomes law.
A plan to require all American businesses to check their employees through E-Verify, a program that confirms that each is legally entitled to work in the U.S., could wreak havoc on an industry where 80 percent of the field workers are illegal immigrants.
"We are headed toward a train wreck," said Rep. Zoe Lofgren, a California Democrat whose district includes agriculture-rich areas.
Lofgren said that farmers want to hire legal workers and U.S. citizens but that it's nearly impossible given the relatively low wages and back-breaking work.
Wages can range from minimum wage to more than $20 an hour. But workers are often paid by the piece; the faster they work, they more they make. A steady income lasts only as long as the planting and harvesting seasons.
"Few citizens express interest, in large part because this is hard, tough work," Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsak said last week. "Our broken immigration system offers little hope for producers to do the right thing."
Last year the United Farm Workers launched a Take Our Jobs campaign to entice Americans into the fields. But President Arturo Rodriguez said that of about 86,000 inquiries, only 11 workers took jobs.
"That really was thought up by farmworkers trying to figure out what is it we needed to do to show that we are not trying to take away anyone's job," Rodriguez said.
Manuel Cunha, president of Nisei Farmers League, a group representing growers in Central California, said farmers don't have the wherewithal to verify workers' status.
"If we were to use E-Verify now, we'd shut down -- either that or farmers would go to prison," said Cunha, a Fresno-based citrus farmer.
Shawn Coburn, a politically active farmer who grows thousands of acres of almonds in west Fresno County, said he favors tighter borders, a guest worker program and a path to citizenship for those already in the U.S., or at the very least their children. But, like Cunha, he believes that a mandatory E-Verify plan would be nothing but trouble for the industry.
"I don't think it's going to happen, but if it does it would throw the California economy for a loop," Coburn said.
Without a broad policy overhaul in the works, industry officials have focused on improving the H-2A temporary agricultural workers visa program, which is aimed at allowing seasonal workers to work on U.S. farms.
The program, is costly, time-consuming and inefficient, however, according to Cathleen Enright, vice president of federal government affairs for the Western Growers Association.
Lee Wicker, deputy director of the North Carolina Growers Association said the H-2A program "is too expensive, it's too litigious, it's too bureaucratic.
Rep. Trey Gowdy, R-S.C., said farmers in his area want to do the right thing and hire legal workers but are frustrated with the stifling bureaucracy that comes with the visa program.
"It's a labyrinthine visa process, with the slow walking of applications," Gowdy said.
"You could not by accident come up with a better plan to ruin the small family farm."
Farmers, he said, "are just at their wits' end."

H-2A Temporary Agricultural Workers

Could you meet the requirements of this program, if you wanted to hire some help?

Perhaps if you ran a company the size of Google or Microsoft, you could afford the research and paperwork necessary to prove these requirements.  But get real, folks.  99% of businesses can't afford the costs of meeting the hurdles of this H-2A program.  Here is what  the Dept of Homeland Security's site:  U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has to say about hiring temporary farm workers, if you want to do it legally:


The H-2A program allows U.S. employers to bring foreign nationals to the United States to fill temporary agricultural jobs for which U.S. workers are not available. 

To qualify for H-2A non immigrant classification:

• The job offered must be of a temporary or seasonal nature
• The employer must demonstrate that there are not sufficient U.S. workers who are able, willing, qualified, and available to do the temporary work
• The employer must show that the employment of H-2A workers will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of similarly employed U.S. workers

E-Verify: a dagger in the heart of Agriculture

By Mahwish Khan
[Last weeks] Supreme Court ruling to uphold Arizona’s law requiring state businesses use the E-Verify system strikes a crushing blow to the Arizona agriculture industry.  If other states follow Arizona’s lead, or if Rep. Lamar Smith (R-TX) gets his wish and rams through a mandatory E-Verify law this summer, it will be the beginning of the end for American farms, domestic food sources, and related jobs held by Americans in production, processing, transportation, and marketing. In the absence of Comprehensive Immigration Reform at the federal level, mandatory E-Verify will deport farms and jobs. This will hurt all Americans.


According to Lynn Tramonte, Deputy Director of America’s Voice Education Fund:

Yesterday’s Supreme Court ruling is a dagger in the heart of Arizona agriculture.  If this type of law spreads nationwide, we will essentially deport the entire agriculture industry—including jobs held by Americans—and be forced to import more of our nation’s food supply.  Passing a mandatory E-Verify law without comprehensive immigration reform will kill American jobs and farms, burden small businesses, reduce tax revenue, and drive undocumented workers further underground. 

http://americasvoiceonline.org/blog/entry/arizona_e-verify_law_supreme_courts_immigration_decision/ 

Undocumented Immigrants: a burden or benefit?

Myth: Undocumented workers are a burden on the U.S. economy.

Reality: Immigrants not only pay taxes, but they also contribute significantly to the economy.In a 2007 report, the White House Council of Economic Advisers concluded that..

-. Immigration increases the U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by roughly US  $37 billion each year.

- Given that employment has been the main driver behind undocumented immigration to the U.S. in recent decades, it should come as no surprise that this group is particularly hard working and has a high employment rate (96%).

 According to the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Census Bureau, Hispanic owned firms increased by nearly 44 percent between 2002 and 2007, growing from 1.6 million businesses to 2.3 million.

Employment at Hispanic-owned firms also grew by 26 percent from 1.5 million to 1.9 million workers, a growth rate significantly higher than that of non-minority-owned firms.

Hispanic-owned businesses generated US$  345.2 billion in sales in 2007, up 55.5 percent compared with 2002.

Read more: http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/05/25/2233839/sc-house-approves-immigration.html#comment#ixzz1Nkjydl6z