New Alabama Anti Immigration Law

What is happening in Alabama?

Becoming Legal: An Immigrant's Path to Citizenship

A short course on immigration in the USA:

1.  Anti-immigrant sentiment is nothing new nor limited to our current affairs or just the U.S.:  all over the world immigrants are shunned and the outside ethnic group is always seen as inferior.  Just a few which come to mind:  Shiite and Sunni,  Japanese and Chinese, Kurds and Turks, Slavs and Croats, Romanians in Spain ( the Spanish gov. recently was offering them money to go back to Romania, if they promised to stay there for 5 yrs ! ), Catholic Irish vs. English Protestants, the Algerians in France etc.  In the US we have historically found groups that were easy to discriminate against:  Native Americans, Italians, Germans, Irish, Chinese, Japanese, Africans, and now Latinos.

    2. There is always an element of "otherness" commonly based on religion or skin color or language in the "outside" group.

    3.  Those in a position of influence ( talk show hosts, politicians, religious leaders, and in some cases even teachers) tend to take sides.  Those who exacerbate the dislike of the scapegoat, usually focus on the "otherness" and try to foment fear of the unknown.  Most people naturally have certain fears of that which is outside their comfort zone, their realm of familiarity.  So, this is an easy way to persuade the populace of the demons in "those people."   We hear terms like "the axis of evil," and "They are either for us, or against us." or "They are taking away our jobs."  This is a common one in our current financially stressful world.

    4.  With the passage of time, at least in the US, our "social mind-set" or popular image softens toward many of our formerly disliked groups.  Think of the changes we have seen in attitudes in our lifetime toward, say, African Americans, Japanese, and the Vietnamese.  These changes come slowly, with influence makers and moms in sneakers speaking out. 

    5.  Seeing the above pattern repeat itself several times in our lives, we now are much more skeptical of accepting the initial demagoguery.

    6.  Based on our own experiences and observations, we have found the hispanics we have met here in the US and Latin America, mostly genuine, generous, hard-working people, who are trying to make the best of their lives.  The newly emigrated are leaving poverty, violence and corruption, looking for a new beginning, a second chance.  When we recently read in an internet forum a comment from a woman who described herself as a conservative, born again Christian who thought that all Mexicans should be deported, what came to mind was that the essence of both Christianity and immigration is a second chance, a new beginning, an opportunity to start fresh.  She obviously saw life differently from us.

    7.  Attempts to force immigrants out of our communities have repeatedly proven unworkable.  The resulting economic impact is disastrous to those on both sides of the tracks.  The citizen farmers and small business owners find themselves without customers and workers.  The immigrants, both legal and illegal, have their lives and families thrown into chaos.  For some, this may be the goal.  For us, it is unfathomable.

    8.  So, indeed, we would favor changing our laws to provide a path to citizenship.  Perhaps fines may be a part of the equation, but few will be able to pay them.  If it is found that back taxes are owed, certainly employers would be required to pay their portions, along with penalties and interest.  We think that it will be nearly impossible to find small business employers who have relied in the past on undocumented workers, now willing to step up and pay these back taxes, fines and interest.  Hence, "making up for the past" is a difficult part of the solution.  Criminal records should be examined and not allowed for violent crimes.  Service to the country (USA) in the form of work in the Peace Corps, Americorps etc would be a good thing.  Basic English proficiency should be required, as well as knowledge of our governmental system.  We see this not as amnesty.  Rather it represents a means of earning a way into our system.  In the early days of our country, many people earned their way in - as indentured servants.  When they could not pay for their passage across the ocean, they "borrowed" the money from a landowner already living in this country, then worked for that owner for five to seven years without pay.  Hence, working to achieve legal status and citizenship in the US is nothing new.

Repeal of New Immigration Law in Alabama

State Senator Beasley from Alabama has introduced legislation to repeal the newly enacted laws against illegal immigrants.  He claims most representatives did not understand the negative effects that the law would have on citizens of Alabama.

MONTGOMERY -- Alabama Sen. Billy Beasley has filed a bill to repeal Alabama's sweeping immigration law, saying it is causing severe workforce shortages and problems in state courthouses and schools.
"The people in the agriculture community are not happy with it because they can't get workers. The folks in the courthouses are not happy with it. The folks in the school business are not happy with it," said the Democrat from Clayton.
Beasley said three other Democrats have signed on as co-sponsors of the proposed repeal, and he hopes more legislators will support the measure.
"I think there is a large contingent of folks who didn't realize what it was going to do," Beasley said.
However, Sen. Scott Beason, who sponsored the immigration law in the Senate, said he will fight attempts to undo or weaken the law.
"I can't imagine that anyone would want to repeal the bill," said Beason, R-Gardendale.
Beasley voted against the bill when it was before Alabama lawmakers. He said the new law has caused a "world of fear" for people in the Hispanic community.
"It's kind of a mean-spirited law," Beasley said.
Beasley said the law has caused workforce shortages in many industries, as legal and illegal immigrants leave the state. He said it also is causing long lines at courthouse and is putting an unfunded mandate on county jails to hold suspected illegal immigrants.
The Clayton senator said he also was doubtful the law would open up jobs for Alabamians because many people don't want the labor-intensive jobs the immigrants are performing.
But Beason said he believes the law is working.
"It's doing what it is supposed to be doing overall," Beason said.
He said the immigration law appeared to be moving an illegal workforce out of the state, and an adjustment period is to be expected. He pointed out the law has been in effect only six days.
He said he believes getting rid of illegal workers will create jobs for Alabamians. "Apparently a lot of people were working an illegal workforce," Beason said.

Read more from this source: 

http://blog.al.com/spotnews/2011/10/state_sen_billy_beasley_files.html

Arizona Anti-immigrant Law Backfires. Mexicans Welcome Back

Arizona's anti-immigration law is causing tremendous economic hardships on Arizona's businesses and citizens.  In a radical change of heart, many are calling for a new worker visa program in order to bring mexican workers back to Arizona.

Hispanics in US Marines: What kind of citizens do they make?

A familiar calling might have led Miguel Vazquez to enlist in the U.S. armed forces: for generations, many of his relatives decided to serve his country with weapons and joined the ranks of the Marines.

Related Content

• September 11 Anniversary
• In pictures: the objects of  Sept 11
• In numbers: the cost of  Sept 11

But his day of calling was September 11, 2001. When American Airlines Flight 11, controlled by five hijackers crashed into the north tower of World Trade Center. He thought, like many compatriots, it was an accident.
The second attack on the south tower, dispelled the theory of chance and became "a sign or symbol" of what should be his life: his response to the attacks was to run to join the military.
"It was a moment when I heard that the government declared that we were in an emergency. September 11 made me feel that I should get ahead of others, many people who needed my services," said the former soldier, now dedicated to finance a family business in California.

"It was also the moment when I realized that we had powerful enemies who were willing to hurt many people, beyond the enemies that we had faced in the past."

In 2002, at age 19, Vazquez, Latino, became a soldier. By then, the list of U.S. military recorded 12.9% of registered Hispanic, according to the Heritage Foundation.

Born of Puerto Rican father and Mexican mother (from the state of Tamaulipas), the young man now aged 28, is a Hispanic second generation sees America as "the only country that I can consider as my home."
Although fluent in Spanish, when speaking of memories he prefers to use the language in which he was educated at school and the neighborhood. Memory speaks in English for him and emotions are expressed in half sentences.
"I never talk about the Sept 11.  I do not know why, it's weird, confusing ... sorry ..." doubt, breathe deeply, is silence. "It's hard to relive the day that marked a before and after, not only for me but for a whole country, and it is hard to think of everything that came after."

At the Pentagon

Watching television, Vazquez received the news that the third attack in September: American Flight 77 had reached the Pentagon, the heart of the U.S. Department of Defense.
His father was there, unhurt, but young Vazquez didn't know until later:  in the chaos of the moment, his father was unable to communicate over telephone lines what sort of luck he had had.

 

Sept 11 made Vazquez feel the need for unity in the country.

"It was the first time I felt I had something bigger and more important than myself. The first time the country needed to unite, not only as a country on paper, but basically in order to survive," he says.
Although he had wanted to be in the military, the bombings gave his mission a sense of history: "I knew it would be part of history, it was a moment of profound change and I wanted to share."
His parents opposed his project and tried to dissuade him, not for lack of principle, but fear: they assumed that, for the first time, one member of their military family actually would go to war.
And there he was. The U.S. Marine Corps took him to Iraq in 2003 for the initial invasion and then in 2004 as part of the operation to regain control of Fallujah.

"The pride of a Marine is related to the team spirit that is built in to everything you do with your fellow soldiers. Being in the field, I was responsible not only for those who were fighting next to me but for all people who were here in my country, [the USA] "reveals Vázquez.

One of the provisions of the Dream Act debated, but defeated, in congress this last year, would have allowed young immigrants to earn US citizenship through service in the US military.  There are a lot of parents in the US who would die to call Miguel Vázquez their son.

See more:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/09/110910_11s_soldado_latino_az.shtml

History of Immigration in U.S.

The history of immigration in the U.S. centers in Ellis Island, though some entered through the West coast as well as our northern and southern borders.  The following documentary reminds us of our common condition.

Border Patrol Agent turns migrant supporter

Former Border Patrol Agent,  John Randolph, decides it has not worked to chase people around and detain them for wanting to cross our border and find a better job to support their families. 

In my twenty-six years as a US Border Patrol/ICE Agent, I caught many people. At the time, common sense told me that the vast majority of the people who I caught were good, hard working people. I began to wonder why immigrants had to be chased like animals, and why I was being paid to chase them.

Early on in my career, death and injury brought it all into perspective. In the early 1980's one of my classmates who transferred over to DEA was murdered during an undercover rip-off. Another co-worker friend was shot to death while on surveillance of an alien smuggling ring. I witnessed a young Mexican man fall to death from a freeway overpass while running from me. I myself fell out of the passenger side of a patrol unit when my partner blindly accelerated before I could get back in the car. I saw a young Mexican woman who while running at full speed in the dark, hit her head on the dropped cement ceiling of a drainage tube. She required hospitalization and facial surgery.
One night, after coming home from a day of work, I had a dream of a high-speed pursuit in which the car that I was chasing crashed. I ran up to the overturned car to apprehend the perpetrator. When I opened the car door, I found that my own son, injured inside. This dream had a profound effect on me.
Since my days as a Border Patrol Agent, I've had a change of heart. I'm now a musician and a migrant activist, above all else. It's all hard to put into words, I suppose. Hungry people, friends getting killed, and no real sense that what we were doing was doing any good. "What are we doing here? Why am I chasing these people?", I'd ask myself.
I learned early in my twenty six year career as a US Border Patrol Agent, INS Criminal Investigator, and a DHS Special Agent, that we neither had nor were provided the resources to stop people or drugs from entering the country. I knew officers who worked at the port of entry in San Diego. They told me of the large amounts of drugs that were being intercepted. I naturally wondered how much must have been getting through.
After thirty-five years of working and observing our government's failed immigration and drug enforcement systems, I am now convinced that both are insidiously designed to fail. The failure of NAFTA and the unrelenting violence of the US-backed war on drugs in Mexico have created conditions for a Mexican exodus. There have been close to 40,000 drug war-related deaths in Mexico since 2006. I know the real victims of these two forces; I've met them. They are the poor and hard-working Mexican citizens who only want a better life. The border is really meant to keep the good people from both sides from joining together, from knowing each other, and from prospering.
I therefore support the use of asylum as a means of protection for such Mexican citizens whose lives are put in danger everyday by the US backed drug war. While the Obama administration just announced its decision to back off of the deportation of "low priority" immigration cases, I believe that this is not true immigration reform. Rather, it postpones any actual case decisions from being made. I also believe we should support the millions of US Dream Act kids and undocumented Mexicans with the use of immigration hearings as a vehicle for reform. I say we should turn the 300,000 case back log into a million case backlog. It is now clear to me that Washington will not reform failed drug or immigration systems until it is put in the position where it is forced to do so.

After twenty-six years of chasing people on the behalf of the U.S. government, finally, I have to ask our politicians this question: How many more people will die until our system fundamentally changes?

See article:  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-randolph/from-border-patrol-agent-to-immigration-reform-activist_b_943799.html?ref=tw

Sale of Immigrants provokes reaction

And what is the reaction of others toward the U.S. immigration detention centers (private prisons operated by the Corrections Corporation of America)?  This corporation is for profit.  Profit made from rounding up and holding foreigners.

Inmigrantes a la Venta --- Immigrants for Sale

What happens to someone who is detained on immigration issues?  Can  investors gain from having a large supply of detainees?  If so, what could investors do to increase their profits?  What kind of legislation would they support?

(Click for English Version)





Se puede ganar desde los detenidos?  Si eso es, ¿cuál tipo de normas prefererían los invesionistas?

¿Quién aviva las llamas? Who is fanning the flames of hadred?

Who is fanning the flames of distrust, fear and hatred?  Collectively the U.S. seems to need a scapegoat.  But, this is true of many peoples throughout history.  "Well, if it worked for Grandpa, it must be okay with me !"

Texas Gov Rick Perry on Immigration Reform

August 24, 2011
What would Rick Perry do with immigration reform if he is elected President of the United States?

Gov. Rick Perry (Rep.) of Texas with former President Fox of Mexico

                                             

Set aside the campaign chatter. Perry actually has a relatively moderate record on immigration. In 2001, he signed a law allowing undocumented students who graduate from Texas high schools to pay in-state tuition at Texas public universities. Last year he criticized Arizona's strict new immigration enforcement law, and said that it wouldn't be right for Texas. He's called for a guest-worker program and a path to citizenship. Other than this year's campaign against sanctuary cities, there is little in his decade-plus as governor to suggest that he has the appetite for a crackdown on economic migrants. NumbersUSA, a group that campaigns for less immigration, has given him a "D-" -- worse, in their view, than Michele Bachman, Mitt Romney, or Sarah Palin.
Perry has, of course, been hawkish about border security. He has repeatedly said that both border security and immigration reform fall into what he sees as the rather narrow category of Washington's responsibilities, and he argues that the former takes precedence over the latter -- or should, at least. In New Hampshire last week, he told the Union-Leader that the president has been turning "a blind eye" to the border. But, interestingly, he describes border security as a different issue from immigration reform. "Texans in particular enjoy a unique culture that has been greatly enriched by immigrants from all over the world, and especially from Mexico," he wrote in his 2010 book, Fed Up!, adding a comment about how great Tex-Mex food is. He continued: "Yet this has absolutely nothing to do with border security. We can have all the immigration debates we want, but Americans are demanding that the border be secured first."

source:  http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/08/what-rick-perry-can-teach-the-gop-about-immigration/244084/

Selective Deportation of Illegal Immigrants: Obama's new approach to inmigrantes.

By Christopher Goffard, Paloma Esquivel and Teresa Watanabe,
 Los Angeles Times
August 19, 2011

The Obama administration said it will review the cases of 300,000 illegal immigrants currently in deportation proceedings to identify "low-priority" offenders — including the elderly, crime victims and people who have lived in the U.S. since childhood — with an eye toward allowing them to stay.
Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano announced the review as the Obama administration has sought to counter criticism that it has been too harsh in its deportation policies. By launching the case-by-case review, officials said they are refocusing deportation efforts on convicted felons and other "public safety threats."

http://articles.latimes.com/2011/aug/19/local/la-me-0819-obama-immigration-20110819

National Suicide: Expelling Non-Criminal Immigrants

National Suicide

La política del gobierno federal de Estados Unidos de expulsar inmigrantes que no han cometido ningún delito en medio de una frágil economía es equivalente a “un suicidio nacional”, afirmó este lunes el alcalde de Nueva York, Michael Bloomberg.
“Esto es un suicidio nacional, estamos deliberadamente enviando a nuestro futuro fuera del país”, aseguró el edil durante su aparición en el programa de televisión Morning Joe en el canal MSNBC.
El alcalde indicó que lo que el país necesita en momentos de dificultades económicas son más inmigrantes, “que crean más empleos de los que toman”.
“Necesitamos más inmigrantes. Lo dije antes y he sido ampliamente criticado por eso. Si quieren impulsar la economía de las ciudades, hay una solución muy simple y es que el gobierno otorgue visas para que la gente pueda entrar aquí”, manifestó el funcionario.
El alcalde explicó que el gobierno federal debería comenzar un programa para dar visas de trabajo por siete años a trabajadores inmigrantes, lapso después del cual podrían obtener la ciudadanía completa tanto ellos como sus familias.
Advirtió sin embargo que aquellos inmigrantes que cometieran un crimen bajo este esquema serían rastreados y deportados sin dilación.

  BBC Mundo:   http://mexico.cnn.com/mundo/2011/08/08/el-alcalde-de-nueva-york-considera-un-suicidio-expulsar-a-los-migrantes

"Where did all the hate come from?" asks friend of Norway's murderer

Peter Svaar, a former classmate and companion of Anders Breivik, tells BBC Mundo of his shock at discovering the identity of Oslo's author of the massacre.  Svaar, a journalist, had spent years in high school and college, studying and camping with his friend, Anders.  The were very similar in many ways.  But what caused one to join the corp of journalism, while the other fomented hatred toward outsiders, joining anti-immigration organizations living in fear of what lies outside his comfort zone, scheming and intricately planning the outburst of his inner torment?

Translated below from Spanish into English

Odio

No era un hombre muy diferente de mí. Teníamos la misma edad, estudiamos en los mismos lugares.

"Todavía no puedo entender el origen de todo ese odio"

A ninguno de nosotros nos ha faltado nada material ni hemos sido víctimas de alguna injusticia social importante, en este país que tiene un amplio estado de bienestar.
Por supuesto, nunca he pasado años delante de mi computadora investigando recetas de bombas o visitando sitios web de la extrema derecha.
Y, lo que es más importante, nunca he sentido el tipo de ira o de odio que él debió haber tenido en su interior.
Todavía no puedo entender el origen de todo ese odio.
La mayoría de la gente ahora lo considera un monstruo.
Pero yo aún recuerdo su sonrisa y sus bromas.
Recuerdo cómo Anders a veces se le acercaba a uno por detrás y, en tono de broma, le gritaba "kra!" en el oído, sólo para darle un buen susto.
Era su saludo habitual en el patio de la escuela en esos años.

Translated to English by Immigration Reform Issues:

HATRED
He was not unlike me.  We were the same age.  We studied in the same places.  "Still I cannot understand the source of all that hatred?"
None of us lacked anything in the way of material goods, nor were we victims of some social important injustice, in this country which has such a widespread state of well-being.
Of course, I have not spent years in from of my computer investigating bomb making recipes, or visiting extreme right wing websites.
And, most importantly, I have not felt the type of anger and hatred that he must have had inside.  Still, I can't understand the origin of all this hatred.  Most people now consider him a monster.  But I still remember the smile and his jokes.  I remember how Anders used to come up behind one of us, and in a joking voice, would cry "kra" [growl] in our ear, just to give us a good scare.
That was his usual greeting on the playground in those years.

Source:  BBC Mundo: http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/07/110730_noruega_oslo_ataques_anders_breivik_infancia_amigo_mt.shtml

Immigration policy affects individuals not just numbers.

How are these people affected by our immigration policies?

When we stop believing in the democratic process: Hatred of others.

How did the Norway anti-immigration disaster get started?  Here is what the perpetrator said when asked:

How did you first get involved in your current activities?
When I was around 16-17 years old, I joined the Progressive Party's youth organization [FPU], which was anti-immigration and pro–free market. Every journalist in the country considered the party's members to be racist because of their anti-immigration platform. The Progress Party was under constant attack from every media organization, from NGOs and all other political parties. They were called racists and Nazis and were generally labeled "fascist pigs." The Progress Party appealed to me because I had seen the hypocrisy in society, and I knew even then that they were the only party that opposed multiculturalism.
Around 2000, I realized that the democratic struggle against the Islamization of Europe, and European multiculturalism, was lost. It is simply not possible to compete with democratic regimes that import millions of voters. Forty years of dialogue with the cultural Marxists/multiculturalists had ended up as a disaster. It would now only take 50 to 70 years before we, Europeans, were the minority. So I decided to explore alternative forms of opposition. But the biggest problem then was that there were no options for me at all. There was no known armed culturally conservative, or Christian, anti-jihad movement.


Read more: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2084895,00.html#ixzz1TAjILuTs

25% of Start-up Firms: Immigrants at work

Foreigners in the US are responsible for nearly 25 percent of start-up American firms, findings of a latest research by Harvard, NYU and Duke, UC-Berkeley reveal.

No wonder, several policy makers are being asked for increasing the quota for highly skilled worker visas in the US.

As per the study, out of the total start-up companies established between the year 1995 and 2005 in Silicon Valley, nearly 52 percent were by foreigners.
And the number of patents filed by immigrants in the US for the same period is said to be 25.6 percent which is up by 337 percent since the year 1998.

Its not just in the US that the immigrant investors have been found to be making significant contribution towards start-up firms, in fact, foreigners seem to be leading in investments in several other nations too including Canada.
According to reports, a Vancouver entrepreneur group has been asking the federal government for starting ‘startup visas’ for foreign investors wanting to come and invest in Canada.
In a similar move, the US government is being asked for creation of a US startup visa and the bill is being sponsored by US Senators Richard Lugar, Republican of Indians and John Kerry, Democrat of Massachusetts.

The bill will provide any foreign entrepreneur a temporary US work visa if he obtains a minimum amount of $100,000 for investment for gaining US permanent residency.
In addition, the immigrant entrepreneur will also be responsible for creating at least five new jobs in the US in the period of two years, generate venture capital exceeding $1 million or $1 million sales each year.
Such changes in the federal policy of the US which favor potential foreign entrepreneurs would lead to growth and innovation in the US, agree several experts including a law professor at Yale University, Peter Schuck, and corporate secretary and vice president of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, John Tyler.

Several nations like Australia, Germany, the UK and some other European nations already have changed their immigration process in order to allow foreign immigrant investors and high-skilled immigrants into their nations.

Source:  http://www.canadaupdates.com/content/immigrants-behind-quarter-us-start-firms-16233.html

Arizona Sheriff's Office in Bed with Drug Lord.

Three employees of the self-proclaimed strictest sheriff in the USA, were arrested on charges of trafficking people and drugs, authorities reported on Monday.

Maricopa county sheriff, Joe Arpaio said that three of his employees, two of them women, were among 12 people detained for forming an international narco trafficking network, centered in Phoenix.

One worker, Marcela Hernández, told authorities she was married to the presumed leader of the Sinaloa drug cartel.

See complete story:  El Universal

Reduction in Immigration from Mexico - It's the economy, stupid!

According to BBC Mundo reporter Alberto Nájar, fewer undocumented Mexicans are coming to the US.  There appears to be several reasons for this phenomenon which began 3 years ago:

1. The economy in Mexico is improving slightly, providing more opportunity without emigrating.
2. The economy in the US has been in crisis, leaving less opportunity here: fewer jobs and lower wages.
3. Emigrants must run the gauntlet of narco thugs just to reach their northern border.
4. Border surveillance has increased.
5. Anti-immigrant laws have increased in many regions of the US.  The local climate is much less friendly after arrival in many states.

The result is having effects in communities in Mexico.

See the following article in BBC Mundo:

El "sueño americano" atrae a menos mexicanos

Alberto Nájar

BBC Mundo, Ciudad de México

La vigilancia en la frontera sur de Estados Unidos influye en la caída migratoria

Hace unos meses las autoridades de Michoacán, en el oeste de México, notaron un súbito aumento en los estudiantes matriculados en las escuelas. También subieron las solicitudes a sus programas sociales, y después hubo informes de que las fiestas en algunos pueblos fueron más concurridas de lo normal.

En los tres hechos hay un común denominador: bajó la migración de mexicanos hacia Estados Unidos.

De hecho, en el último censo de población el gubernamental Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Geografía (Inegi), detectó más personas de las esperadas pues muchos que pensaban emigrar decidieron quedarse.

El fenómeno empieza a cambiar la vida en muchas comunidades de México, especialmente las que dependen de remesas o tienen problemas de marginación. Michoacán, uno de los estados con mayor flujo migratorio del país, es un ejemplo.
El cambio demográfico genera aprietos económicos al gobierno local, porque no alcanza el presupuesto para atender a las familias que se quedaron sin remesas, volvieron de Estados Unidos o fueron deportados.
"Hay más demanda. Tenemos miles de personas más en el estado y todos necesitan un empleo, comer, generar recursos", le dice a BBC Mundo Zaida Mandujano, secretaria del Migrante de Michoacán.

Remesas sistémicas

"El problema ya no es sólo cruzar el desierto sino de que te asalten y te maten antes de llegar a la frontera"

Jorge Durand, especialista en migración, Universidad de Guadalajara

¿Por qué bajó la migración a Estados Unidos?
Hay varias respuestas, dice Jorge Durand, académico de la Universidad de Guadalajara y uno de los pioneros en la investigación del fenómeno en México.
La primera es la crisis económica estadounidense que afectó sobre todo a las áreas donde trabaja la mayoría de los indocumentados mexicanos, es decir, la construcción y servicios.
Otra respuesta es el clima de inseguridad en México por la guerra contra y entre carteles, que hace más peligroso el viaje.
"El problema ya no es sólo cruzar el desierto sino de que te asalten y te maten antes de llegar a la frontera", explica Durand a BBC Mundo. "El riesgo que había en años anteriores se multiplicó por diez".
Una explicación más es que quienes financiaban la migración indocumentada ya no pueden hacerlo.
En el último siglo los mexicanos establecieron una extensa red de familiares y amigos que les acogían y ayudaban a conseguir empleo, además de prestar dinero para cubrir la cuota de los "coyotes", como se llama a los traficantes de humanos.
El mecanismo, conocido como "remesa sistémica", dejó de funcionar hace tres años.
"El que está allá o no tiene trabajo, o vive una situación precaria en su empleo. La mayoría no tiene dinero para prestar a los familiares", explica Durand.

Cambios

El flujo migratorio también bajó por el clima anti inmigrante en varias regiones de Estados Unidos, sobre todo en donde los congresos locales autorizaron nuevas más leyes más restrictivas contra los indocumentados, y también porque aumentó la vigilancia en la frontera sur de ese país.
Todos estos factores hacen más cara la decisión de emigrar, pues contrario a otros años ahora la ganancia es menor. Hace una década la diferencia salarial entre México y Estados Unidos era de 8 a 1 pero se redujo a la mitad, afirma Durand. Otros expertos coinciden en que la situación socioeconómica de muchas comunidades mexicanas ha mejorado en la última década.

Zaida Mandujano, secretaria del Migrante de Michoacán, reconoce el impacto que la caída de la migración tiene en sus comunidades.

Así, muchos mexicanos piensan dos veces antes de salir del país lo cual complica la situación de las comunidades de origen, cuenta Zaida Mandujano.
En muchos municipios aún sigue la pobreza que impulsó a la migración, algo que no cambiará en el corto plazo según han reconocido las autoridades.
"En los últimos tres años ha habido cambios radicales, y los gobiernos deben adaptarse a la realidad del fenómeno", reconoce la secretaria del Migrante.

Joroba migratoria

Según Durand la caída en la migración es un fenómeno temporal, pues en la medida que mejore la economía estadounidense habrá más oportunidades de empleo para los indocumentados.
Pero es difícil volver a las cifras que hubo en la década pasada, cuando emigró un promedio de 500.000 mexicanos cada año.
Ahora el flujo anual de indocumentados es menor a 300.000 personas, según datos oficiales.
Esto no significa que el fenómeno se detenga en el corto plazo, sobre todo porque la economía mexicana no crece al ritmo necesario.
A este proceso los especialistas le llaman "joroba migratoria", es decir, durante varios años el flujo se mantiene en crecimiento, pero después empieza a bajar. Algo que ya ocurre en México, según los especialistas.

Racial Hate Groups - Grupos de Odio Racial

Source: BBC Mundo

EE.UU.: grupos de odio racial florecen en la era de Obama
Jonny Dymond

BBC, Estados Unidos

Analistas aseguran que hay un auge de grupos extremistas de derecha en Estados Unidos.
¿Fue la elección de Barack Obama como presidente de Estados Unidos un factor que impulsó el crecimiento del extremismo de derecha y los llamados grupos de "odio racial" en ese país?

Una cosa curiosa ocurre cuando uno camina por la calle en Spokane, Washington, a primera hora de la mañana. Hay desconocidos que lo miran a uno a los ojos, y le dicen, con una sonrisa: "buenos días".

Es esa clase de pueblo. Al menos en comparación con algunos de los otros pueblos y ciudades en los Estados Unidos, es amigable con los extraños.

Lo que hace que el fallido atentado ocurrido aquí contra una marcha por los derechos civiles en enero pasado sea aún más difícil de comprender.

Neonazis
Contenido relacionadoLos 'ultras' y la sombra del racismo en el fútbol rusoMéxico: sacan del aire un canal de BBC por "racismo" en Top GearLas "cholas" de Lady Gaga estarán en los Grammy
El hombre acusado de haber dejado una mochila llena de explosivos y metralla - cubierta de veneno para ratas con el fin de detener la coagulación sanguínea - es Kevin Harpham, un veterano del ejército con un interés en los grupos neonazis.

La difícil verdad para Spokane, para el estado de Washington, para el vecino estado de Idaho y para todo EE.UU., es que los grupos de odio - anti-negro, anti-judío, neo-nazis - están aumentando de nuevo.

Y casi todo el mundo, incluidos los miembros de esos grupos, coincide en que la elección de Barack Obama ha sido un catalizador para el aumento del apoyo que esas agrupaciones reciben.

"Estamos viendo un resurgimiento de los grupos de odio porque estamos viendo la actividad democrática y el aumento del poder de los ciudadanos que no son anglosajones protestantes"

Maria Verner, alcaldesa de Spokane

"Yo no diría que me sorprende", dice la alcaldesa de Spokane María Verner, "a pesar de que me parece alarmante".

"Estamos viendo un resurgimiento de los grupos de odio porque estamos viendo la actividad democrática y el aumento del poder de los ciudadanos que no son anglosajones protestantes".

Fue una reacción parecida a la que expresó el alguacil local, Ozzie Knezovich, cuando se enteró de que una bomba había sido dejada por el camino de una marcha conmemorativa en honor a Martin Luther King en marzo pasado.

"¿Sorprendido? No", dice. "Vivimos en un mundo diferente - el odio parece ser un fenómeno muy extendido en estos momentos".

"Explosión" de los grupos
Y hay ciudadanos de a pie - y sus hijos - que están en el extremo receptor de la actividad de los grupos de odio en Washington y Idaho.

Rachel Dolezal, profesora de arte y estudios afro-americanos, ha sido repetidamente acosada ​​desde que la gente supo lo que enseñaba.

Alguien dejó una cruz gamada en la puerta de su lugar de trabajo.

Y ha tenido que actuar para proteger a su hijo.

"De hecho, le compré un par de tapones para los oídos, para que los use en el autobús", dice ella, "porque escucha la palabra ´nigger´ (insulto racista contra los afroestadounidenses) todos los días".

"Parece que las cosas estaban silenciadas y desinfectadas, o algo así, y Barack Obama simplemente hizo que salieran a la superficie cosas que ya existen dentro de la gente"

Rachel Dolezal, profesora de estudios afro estadounidenses

"Parece que las cosas estaban silenciadas y desinfectadas, o algo así, y Barack Obama simplemente hizo que salieran a la superficie cosas que ya existen dentro de la gente".

Los grupos de odio racial y otros grupos de la extrema derecha – como las llamados organizaciones Patriotas, que prometen resistirse al control del gobierno federal, así como grupos anti-inmigrantes nativistas - son vigilados por el Southern Poverty Law Centre (SPLC), una organización no gubernamental.

"En el otoño de 2008", dice el director del Proyecto Inteligencia del SPLC, Mark Potok, "empezamos a ver una explosión en los grupos de odio racial, pero más en general en todos los grupos de derecha."

Separatistas

                                                 Jerald O'Brian, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho

Si Mark Potok quería la confirmación de su investigación, la podría encontrar al otro lado de la frontera de Spokane, en la ciudad de Coeur d'Alene, en el estado de Idaho.

Sentado al frente de su casa al atardecer está Jerald O'Brien, flanqueado por las banderas de los grupos "Aryan Nations" (Naciones Arias) y "Church of Jesus Christ-Christian".


Jerald O´Brien acusa a los judíos de ser "hijos de Satanás".

Naciones Arias es un grupo separatista blanco extremadamente anti-judío. Él insiste en que no tolera o fomenta cualquier acto de violencia. Pero llama a los judíos "los hijos de Satanás".

Acusa falsamente a Barack Obama de ser judío y de no ser un ciudadano de los EE.UU. Pero tiene motivos para agradecer al presidente.

"El día después de la elección de Barack Obama", dice, "mi teléfono no paraba de sonar. Eran hasta cuatro o cinco al día preguntando por información".

Algunos menosprecian a los hombres como Jerald O'Brien, y grupos como Naciones Arias, tildándolos de "locos".

Pero Mark Potok está preocupado.

"Creo que estamos en un período muy similar al que vivimos en el período previo al atentado de Oklahoma City (cometido en 1995)", dice. "En cuanto a un ataque similar, si va a ocurrir, no lo sabemos".

"Estamos muy cerca del número máximo de activistas que hubo durante la cúspide del movimiento de las milicias (de extrema derecha)", agrega.